Churchward tongan grammar book

If one or more works are by a distinct, homonymous authors, go ahead and split the author. Tongan dictionary tongan english and english tongan c. Malie means good, pleasing, pleasant, interesting, advantageous, helpful, splendid, fine, commendable, admirable, or very satisfactory churchward 1953. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Not all deficient pronouns in tongan are phonological clitics, however. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. A samoan grammar by spencer churchward printed for the methodist church of australasia, samoa district, by spectator pub. Maoripolynesian comparative dictionary edward tregear. While impressively extensive, churchward s 1953 work is purely descriptive. I wish to thank diane massam for guidance and critique, and my tongan consultant siokatame vahavahai moengangongo moahengi for sharing his knowledge of tongan. Churchward s tongan grammar 1953 and dictionary 1959 use a reversed apostrophe.

Churchward became expert in pacific languages, producing books on fijian and tongan grammar and a rotumanenglish dictionary. Tongan is primarily a spoken, rather than written, language. Only the bible, the book of mormon, and a few other books are written in tongan. This book provides a uniquely comprehensive linguistic description. The terminology, malie, is an indigenous word in tongan language and culture, one of the many languages and cultures identified in the south pacific. The bible and the book of mormon were translated into tongan and few other books were written in it. Well 3 tongan words sum up the significance of this occasion and the lessons i would share with my children. Maxwell churchward australasian medical publishing company limited for the government of fiji sydney 1941. I can transcribeparaphrase some quotes from churchwards tongan grammar 1953 for you.

While impressively extensive, churchwards 1953 work is purely descriptive. Includes two fulllength pdf books aimed at students and teachers ko e. Churchwards tongan grammar 1953 and dictionary 1959 use a reversed apostrophe. Churchwards grammar and dictionary favoured the standard european alphabetical order, which, since his time, has been in use exclusively. Grammar, tonga language tonga islands, tongan language. Maxwell churchward australasian medical publishing company limited for the government of fiji sydney. Feel free to share and discuss all things relating to tonga the friendly islands, the birth place of giants and all things. Im personally lucky enough to have a copy of churchward s tongan grammar given to my mother by my grandfather before i was born. We can leave a place behind, or we can stay in that place and leave our selfishness often expressed in feeling sorry for ourselves behind. Maxwell churchward, 1985, vavau press edition, in english pbk. This paper examines theafterclauses in tongan that begin with hili. With 160 photographs and 10 colour plates of objects in the custody of the ethnographical museum of budapest. For example, we could save copies of our own oneterm and oneweek plans and add them.

The word tonga is cognate to the hawaiian region of kona, meaning leeward in the hawaiian language. See more ideas about books, career goals and samoan food. This was still so as of the privy council decision of 1943 on the orthography of the tongan language. Preface, list of abbreviations, english tongan vocabulary, pp. The sound of the tongan language numbers, phrases, words. Tongan dictionary tongan english and english tongan.

The material in these pages provides a startingpoint for our teaching folders. Jul 15, 2016 on the 15th of march, i as a student and a parent of two joined the tongan language school here in sydney to welcom the daughter of king tupou vi, princess angelika latupfuipeka to our school. I can transcribeparaphrase some quotes from churchward s tongan grammar 1953 for you. Samoan grammar synopsis john alderete, mark bradshaw simon fraser university, may 2012. We hope that you will enjoy these tongan language minilessons and wish you luck in your language learning. Onlineko e ongoongolelei nae tohi e maake the gospel of mark. An english and tongan vocabulary, also a tongan and english vocabulary, with a list of idiomatic phrases. Feel free to share and discuss all things relating to tonga the friendly islands. Pratts samoan dictionary of 1862 uses the reversed apostrophe, as do later religious works in samoan. Rotuman grammar and dictionary churchward, clerk maxwell. Skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. One way to express afterclauses in tongan is to use the word hili churchward, 1953, 118.

Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. This definitive language reference contains over 40,000 definitions to help tongan and english speakers alike. Online version of freelangs tongan english dictionary and english tongan dictionary. Tongan dictionary tongan english and englishtongan c. In the first lesson, there is a pronunciation of each letter in the tongan alphabet, including the mysterious fakaua, or the glottal. This is the only major contemporary source which makes available both englishpolynesian and polynesianenglish. Tongan faka tonga tongan is a member of the polynesian branch of the austronesian languages spoken by about 95,000 people mainly in tonga. A dictionary and a book on english grammar asked in english language, microsoft word. Then we shall see whether it is to be found in tongan, and under what conditions. Maxwell churchward s tongan english dictionary for ios.

Top 7 free family history apps for ipad, iphone, blackberry, or android teach me genealogy jacot jacot swaim if youre just getting started with your family history or youre a rock star genealogist, many dont know about these free apps out there. In many polynesian languages, including tongan, the word tonga comes from fakatonga, which means southwards, as the archipelago is the southernmost group of the islands of central polynesia. Churchward s grammar and dictionary favoured the standard european alphabetical order, which, since his time, has been in use exclusively. Maxwell churchward, tongan grammar 1953, tongan dictionary 1959, oxford university press. Tongan specifies two distinct types of possession in its grammar. Translation tonganenglishtongan freelang online dictionary. There are not enough people who can read tongan to commercially justify publishing books in the. Tongan personal pronouns catherine macdonald university of toronto 1.

Bakers english and tongan vocabulary consists of the following parts. An initial study of malie in the academy by manuatu in 2000 has paved a way of. Churchward s grammar and dictionary favoured the standard european alphabetical order, and since his time that one has been in use exclusively. Tongan engl ish eng tongan dictionary paperback, 2015 reprint by maxwell churchward, c. Other works concerning tongan include morton 1962, lynch 1972, tchekhoff 1973a,b, 1978, 1979, 1981, and chung 1978. Guidelines for tongan language programmes is intended to form the basis for the material that teachers of tongan develop for their own tongan language programmes. If youre serious about learning tongan, you gotta get shumways book.

Apr 23, 2016 the terminology, malie, is an indigenous word in tongan language and culture, one of the many languages and cultures identified in the south pacific. There are not enough people who can read tongan to commercially justify publishing books in the language factdatefebruary 2007. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. With an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Tongan is a polynesian language spoken by approximately 100,000 people living in the tongan archipelago in the south pacific. Maxwell py 1953 da 1953 ti tongan grammar pb oxford university press cy london id churchward1953 er. This is a facsimilie reprint of a very early but popular dictionary. The tongan language is exclusively phonetic, that is to say, tongan words are spelled the way they are pronounced and pronounced the way they are spelled.

Tongan is an oceanic language belonging to the polynesian subgroup. Top american libraries canadian libraries universal library community texts project gutenberg biodiversity heritage library childrens library. The total surface area is about 750 square kilometres 290 sq mi scattered over 700,000 square kilometres 270,000 sq mi of the southern pacific ocean. Maxwell churchward is currently considered a single author. Based on previous work churchward 1953, tchekhoff 1981, broschart 1997, tongan has been classified as a flexible language by various typological approaches on word classes hengeveld 1992, rijkhoff 1998, croft 2001. The tongan dictionary complements churchward s previously published tongan grammar and makes tongan the most adequately known polynesian dialect. The most substantial work on the tongan grammar is that of churchward 1953. The first grammar and dictionary of the samoan language, a grammar and dictionary of the samoan language, with english and samoan vocabulary, was written by reverend george pratt in 1862. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Word classes and the scope of lexical flexibility in tongan. Tongan is an austronesian language of the polynesian branch spoken in tonga.

Skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to. Dec 06, 2010 open library is an initiative of the internet archive, a 501c3 nonprofit, building a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Churchwards grammar and dictionary favoured the standard european alphabetical order, which, since. Printed for the methodist church of australasia, samoa district, by spectator pub. Users can search words, see definitions, and jump to related terms with minimal effort.

Embed embed for hosted blogs and item tags want more. Both the subjective and objective possessive pronouns have definite forms, ordinary and emotional, corresponding to the articles he or e and sii, and indefinite forms, ordinary and emotional, corresponding to the articles ha and sia. Tongan dictionary tongan english and englishtongan. In the old, missionary alphabet, the order of the letters was modified. Tongan dictionary tongan english and english tongan churchward, clerk maxwell. Tongan to english english to tongan paperback by j t fisher, isileli t kongaika, create out loud and a great selection of related books, art. Discover delightful childrens books with prime book box, a subscription that delivers new books. One of the first publications of tongan texts was in william mariners grammar and dictionary of the tongan language, edited and published in 1817 by john martin as part of volume 2 of mariners account of the natives of the tonga islands, in the south pacific ocean. If we leave a place and take our selfishness with us, the cycle of problems starts all over again no matter where we go. This guide to the tonga language, collects the most common tonga phrases and expressions, including greetings, food items, directions, sightseeing, etc. It is also spoken in american samoa, australia, canada.

The tongan dictionary complements churchwards previously published tongan grammar and makes tongan the most adequately known polynesian dialect. Pratts valuable samoan dictionary records many old words of special interest, specialist terminology, archaic words and names in samoan tradition. Tongan grammar tongan is an ergative, vso, mostly iso lating language. That was still so as of the privy council decision of 1943 on the orthography of the tongan language. The initial glottal is written in these words in the present grammar. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Works refered to in the pollinet pages together with other works of interest. Another mai must be introduced here, a rarely used particle mai that was listed in both the andrews and the andrews and parker dictionaries as an adverb, but is not found in either alexanders grammar or andrews. This is the only major contemporary source which makes available both englishpolynesian. Maxwell py 1953 da 1953 ti tongan grammar pb oxford university press cy london id churchward 1953 er. Inalienable pronouns are possessive pronouns in which a noun is obligatorily possessed by its possessor 4.